沙之天地

《走出貧窮》(2) 論窮人的金錢需求
“Portfolios of The Poor” (2) Discussion of the financial needs of poor

「貧窮線＝每人每日不到兩美元收入。」
“Poverty line = every person earns lower than two dollars per day”

在2005年時，有26億人（世界人口的2/5）的收入情況落入這個範圍，這26億人中的9億人的收入更不到一美元。「一天兩美元」是指一段時間的平均，某幾天比較多，某幾天比較少，通常根本沒收入。
In 2005, there are 260 billion people (about 2/5 world population) whose income situation dropped in the range. There are 90 billion people in those population who even earned lower than one dollar. “$2 a day” means average of a period of time, some days more, some days less, and generally none. 

這些人大部分的錢會花在基本的必需品，尤其是食物，但同時他們依舊有以下需要：（1）確保每天都有得吃、有得喝。（2）緊急預備金。（3）醫藥費。（4）房子與家具、孩子的教育費用與結婚基金。（5）退休金。
These people have their money spend on necessary things, especially foods. However, they also have needs as below: (1) be sure everyday foods and drinks, (2) emergency reserve, (3) medical expenses, (4) a house and furniture’s, children’s educational expenses and marriage funds, (5) retirement pension.  

目前由政府與世界銀行主導的大型全國代表性經濟情況調查，或是小規模的人類學研究或專門的市場調查，全都不是為了解決此類問題而設計的。
As far, the big national representation financial situation investigations undertaken by governments and world bank (WB), or small scale anthropology researches or professional marketing investigations are all not designed for resolving these kinds of problems.

大型調查讓人大致了解生活條件，協助分析者計算全球的窮人數量，以及窮人每年的一般消費，但僅以有限的方式讓人了解窮人實際上如何度過一週生活：如何制定策略、權衡利弊、抓住機會。（量化）
The big investigations let people roughly understand life terms, assisting analysists to calculate poor’s amounts in the world, and poor’s generally consumptions annually, however, they only let people limit to understand poor how to live a week: how to make strategies, balance advantages and weaknesses. (quantity)  
 
人類學研究與市場調查，雖以較為貼近生活的方式檢視行為，但極少依據一段時間內定義明確的經濟行為，極少提供量化的數據。（質化）
Although anthropology researches and marketing investigations view behaviors with the way closer lives, but seldom according to a period time to define concrete economic behaviors, and seldom provide quantity data. (quality)